The heat dome explains over 50% of 2021 Western North American high temperature. The impact of heat domes on the intensities of 2021-like North American heat extremes have and will continue to increase due to both the background warming and soil moisture feedback.

As human activity warms the planet, ocean density changes and shifted atmospheric patterns combine to reshape South Atlantic circulation dynamics: large ensemble simulations suggest that the “Atlantic conveyor belt” is losing its source waters to a distorted South Atlantic subtropical gyre

Data management plays an important role to bridge the gap between observations and subsequent research, as well as decision support. This is especially true for oceanographic research, where data from individual cruises often need to be compiled in order to understand regional and global processes.