Ferromanganese oxides formed by hydrothermal activity have been collected from a petit-spot volcano that erupted on an old and cold oceanic plate prior to subduction. This is the first evidence of hydrothermal activity due to the deepest submarine volcanism.

Mountains act as natural water towers, influencing the water cycle by storing snow until the melt season when downstream demand is high. We calculate and track historic changes in the degree to which mountainous snowpacks delay the timing and amount of water availability relative to precipitation.

Sylvain Barbot and Lifeng Wang

Imagine standing on the sea ice, In the middle of the Antarctic winter. It's well below freezing, and that's before you even consider the wind chill. It's dark and the sun has barely risen above the horizon that day.